The Practice Area of the Emergency Department Free Essay Example, 4750 words

This article has been chosen by this author because the management of lacerations is a burning issue in the practice area of the emergency department. Many patients present to the Emergency Department of any hospital with injuries and lacerations arising out of them. However, the Emergency Department is a very crowded place where patients with different serious life-threatening disorders often present, and the triage system classifies these patients at a lower category due to the fact that these lacerations are minor. Nevertheless, the perspectives of the patients are different, and for them waiting following the triage is long, frustrating, and annoying (Baldwin Nail, 2000, 163-166). Due to the policies involving triage and shortage of competent care manpower, this problem can be avoided in the triage itself, if the Advanced Practice Nurses assess and repair these minor wounds. However, despite this being policy and guideline in all emergency departments, this can be criticized th at the outcomes may be different if the repair of these minor lacerations would have been undertaken by attending emergency department physicians. This is a very important and delicate issue and practically a very important problem very frequently encountered in emergency department nursing (Beales, 1997, 71-75). We will write a custom essay sample on The Practice Area of the Emergency Department or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The authors have called this as descriptive comparative design to evaluate the minor laceration repair by advanced practice nurses. Descriptive research encompasses a broad range of nursing research, and the majority of the nursing research is of descriptive design.

The Guardians Of The Galaxy - 1682 Words

I initially chosen the movie Guardians of the Galaxy so I can elaborate on what is my favorite superhero film of all time. Being highly rated among other superhero movies, as well as containing an indie vibe, it happens to contain many aspects of film that creates a marvelous movie. Guardians of the Galaxy is an innovative movie in the superhero genre, because it has quirky story, but it somehow brings crazy comedy, middle-aged music, and of course the action-packed fun. I believe this film was a revolutionary idea in the genre and industry. From special effects to music, Guardians of the Galaxy packs a punch with the elements and techniques of a great production, which is why I chose to write about it. I was very confident in choosing Guardians of the Galaxy due to the film aspects of sound, special effects, and the narrative. Guardians of the Galaxy is a sci-fi superhero movie with explosions, romance, and comedy. The story begins with Starlord (Chris Pratt) traveling to ruins to s teal items. Starlord meets with a group of criminals, Rocket, Groot, Drax and Gomara, which their main goal is to work together to stop an alien warrior from taking control of the universe with the mysterious orb. They work together to recover the orb, and transport it to The Collector, who reveals that it houses an Infinity Gem- one rare gem that holds a high percentage of power in the universe. To protect Xandar, they fight of Ronan and his group of alien thugs. Ronan wants to commit massiveShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : The Guardians Of The Galaxy 1681 Words   |  7 PagesFilm Connor Krug Radford University Abstract Guardians of the Galaxy makes great strides toward gender equality in film. There are many different points made to support this claim within this paper. Gender equality in film is important to the future development of our American society and society as a whole in the world. Gender Equality in Film Gender roles in film used to not be equal in any sense. In recent years, films like Guardians of the Galaxy(2014) have made huge leaps towards equality. CompleteRead MoreThe Marvel Of Marvel Comics1540 Words   |  7 PagesSince 1939, superheroes, such as Captain America, the Hulk, and Ironman, have been protecting the citizens of the United States and other countries across the world. However, these fictional guardians and protectors would not be known if it weren’t for Marvel Comics. Starting in New York City around the time of World War Two, Timely Publications, later to be known as Marvel, began creating superheroes who would defeat the villains of the war, and then sold these stories as ten-cent comics. EventuallyRead MoreMovie Review : Two Movies1519 Words   |  7 Pagescomic books written in 1963 and 2008. The Avengers first written in 1963 then made it to the theater in 2012, is a group of superheroes brought together to save the world. The Guardians of the Galaxy f irst appeared in 2008, later made into a movie in 2014 is a group of scavengers and killers work together to save the galaxy. Both movies were action packed and filled with humor and story. The character’s interaction with each other, the humor, and animation were written very well into the movie. TheRead MoreThe Marvel Of Marvel Studios Produced One Of The Most Action Packed Adventure Movie Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesMarvel Studios produced one of the most action packed adventure movie, released in 2014, known as Guardians of the Galaxy. This film was directed by James Gunn, who made a crazy space adventure vision come to life in this sci-fi motion picture. There is a new team in space made up of five eccentric characters that must come together as a team and save the day: known as the Guardians of the Galaxy. Peter Quill, wanting to be known as Star-Lord, becomes the victim of a bounty hunt after stealing aRead MoreSuperhero Comics : The Age Of Marvel Essay1411 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem could be found in Guardians of the Galaxy. The Guardians of the Galaxy is a superhero team that fights evil in space. This superhero team was not very well-known before their movie. With Marvel favouring the actual characters instead of seeing the Guardians of the Galaxy as a money- maker, they succeeded with Guardians of the Galaxy doing very well in the box office, which inevitably led to a sequel to be released in 2017. The amount of success Guardians of the Galaxy was unexpected for MarvelRead MoreHow Transmedia Has Worked And Is So Successful1587 Words   |  7 PagesStrange, and Guardians Of The Galaxy or to lighten how unrealistic it is to make it more realistic including but not limited to Captain America, Thor and Iron Man(Weekend Warrior, 2016),(ComicBookCast2,2014). The themes in Marvel Studios have never been misunderstood or misrepresented in a way that the audience could not comprehended it, even if the scale of realism is on the complete opposite sides of each other(ComicBookCast2, 2016). Examples that will be discussed are Guardians Of The Galaxy, DoctorRead MoreWhat Is The Chess Game?1305 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Master Chief, including destroying the Halo installations. In the first game, she figured out what Halos true function was  and s topped the Master Chief from activating it, essentially saving the galaxy. It was also her plan that lead to the destruction of the flood and, once again, saved the galaxy. One funny little thing is that the Master Chief has commented, saying that he isnt really sure whos better at blowing things up. She Would Do Well In The A.I. Olympics [caption id=attachment_64286Read MoreWith The Movie Industry On The Rise In The 21Th Century,1725 Words   |  7 Pagessafely assumed that most modern families likes or rather enjoys watch Marvel Studios movies. How the characters are represented in the movies is what helps makes the movies feel unique and fresh. For examples there are Guardians Of The Galaxy, and Avengers. In Guardians Of The Galaxy the characters and the environment around the characters has never stopped to being active(YourMovieSucks,2016). The characters in the story stand out from all of the rest of the characters that marvel studios have createdRead MoreBig Influence On American Culture Essay1738 Words   |  7 Pagesdisgrace to the comic world and has been referenced as a child’s read. Comic readers disagree with that characterization. Comics have their own type of genres, just like literature. Comics can be science fiction like Fantastic Four or the Guardians of the Galaxy. Comics can be action and thriller like Avengers, Justice League, Superman, Iron man, etc. Comics can be mystery and suspense like Batman. Comics are a different form of literature, and when compared to other literature, it is regarded a sRead MorePeter Quill And His Walkman Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesPeter Quill and His Walkman. Guardians of the Galaxy. *SPOILERS* [Sorry] HOW THE WALKMAN CAME TO HIM Peter Quill, aka Star lord, is a half human half extraterrestrial hybrid that lived on planet earth circa the 1980’s just any other human [he didn’t know he was a hybrid until later on]. Just a young boy at the time, he was fond of the simple joys in life such as family, friends, playing around and music just as any other young boy. Life went on. A grave tragedy occurred during the beginning

Biography of Xerxes Free Essays

Born in c. 519 BC, of the parents King Darius and his wife Atossa came Xerxes. He was raised in the lavish opulence of an eastern court and became the designated heir to his father†s throne in which he was to rule over the greatest empire of his time for 21 years. We will write a custom essay sample on Biography of Xerxes or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Persian Empire. He was not the oldest of Darius† sons but still became the heir over his oldest brother Artabazanes. There were two main reasons for this, His mother Atossa was the daughter of the great Cyrus making Xerxes his grandson. According to Herodotus Atossa would have used her influence to get her son on the throne. [Herodotus book 7 section-3]. Xerxes stated superior claim to the throne for the same reasons. Spartan King Demaratus who was exiled from Sparta and in the Persian court at the time, suggested that they use the Spartan custom to elect a king. That is that the son who is born first while the king sits on the throne will be the heir no matter how many sons there were before the king became king [Herodotus book 7 section-3]. This made Xerxes the rightful heir how ever he describes his accession himself on limestone foundation block at Persepolis â€Å"†¦ My Father was Darius; Darius† father was Hystaspes by name; Hystaspes† father was Arsames by name†¦ saith Xerxes the King: Other sons of Darius there were, (but)- thus unto Ahura-Mazda was the desire- Darius my father made me the greatest after himself. When my father Darius went away from the throne, by will of Ahura-Mazda I became king on my fathers throne. † So to help legitimise his claim to the throne, Xerxes uses Ahura-Mazda. In another inscription he supports himself by saying † †¦ I am Xerxes, the great king, king of king, king of lands containing many men, king in this great earth far and wide, son of Darius the king, an Achaemid, a Persian, son of a Persian, an Aryan, of Aryan seed. † Here he emphasises that he an Achaemenid to add weight on his claim to the throne. According to A. T. Olmstead, Xerxes gained administrative experience by living in the royal Babylonian palace and being able to rule Babylon. Though there is not enough evidence to support this. Some historians say that Darius and Xerxes shared co-regency, but there is not enough evidence to support this either. The evidence we do have on his background and early life before he became king is that his father was a believer in the god Ahura – Mazda and therefore a follower of Zoastrianism. We know that Xerxes carried this on. As far as we know the only real education according to Herodotus that Persian boys were taught was to†¦ † Ride, to use the bow, and to speak the truth† [Herodotus book 1 pg. 137]. The most important and significant things in Xerxes life that contributed to his assent was being the grandson of the greatest king Persia had seen and his mother being that kings daughter and able to use her influence. Xerxes became the king of the Persian Empire in 485BC. In his 25 years of reign he achieved many things. He was certainly not a lazy ruler and her proved this in the early years of his reign with the swift crushing of the Babylonian and Egyptian revolts. Even as a new king he portrayed traits of a strong and strict monarch. â€Å"He sent an army against the Egyptian rebels and decisively crushed them. [Herodotus book 7 section-7]. The most famous expedition Xerxes was conducted as his attempt to invade Greece. This is seen to most people as a failure as the Greeks defeated him. Though it can also be looked upon as an achievement because although he failed to encompass the entire country into his empire he still managed to destroy Athens, which was one of his main priorities in the first place. † I will not rest until I have taken Athens and burnt it to the ground, in revenge for the injury in which the Athenians without provocation did to me and my Father† [Herodotus book 7 section-8-b]. So his destruction of Athens can be looked upon as an achievement. Xerxes was by no means a poor military conductor as he shows good management and organisational skills in the way he amasses and upholds his army. He had clever and careful planning when it came to invading and according to Cameron and Lawless, Xerxes extended his empire into Thrace and Macedonia as well as adding territory from distant eastern provinces [page 99]. His achievements don†t just focus on warlike activities. His building programs at Persepolis and some closer to home show that his ambitions did not just consist of taking land. He thought expanding his empire was important but so to was internal development. † King Darius my father built and ordered to be built much good construction. By the favour of Ahura – mazda I added to that construction and built further (buildings). † [Cameron and Lawless, pg 181]. Xerxes began building almost straight after he ascended the throne, but the majority of his constructions were done in the last three years of his reign. Some of the buildings consist of the Apadana, which was an audience hall in the Persian royal palace. It was started by Darius and finished by Xerxes. ‘Harem† was Xerxes palace that he built for himself; The ‘Central Building† was another construction ordered by Xerxes; ‘Throne Hall† or other wise known as ‘The Hall of 100 Columns†, was believed to have been started by Xerxes and finished by Artaxerxes; ‘Palace H† was another incomplete building believed to have been stared by Xerxes and incomplete inscriptions suggest that it may have been finished by Artaxerxes. These are just a few examples of the achievements this man completed in his life. It is clear that he was a serious ruler who had many ambitions in his life. The love life of Xerxes is a complicated subject to find evidence on. Herodotus mentions him having only one wife named Amestris and the information on her is extremely little. Her father was probably Otanes who was a Persian nobleman and one of the seven conspirators who helped Darius become King. Further research uncovers the story of Esther and Queen Vashti. There is more information on the story of Esther and Queen Vashti then there is on Amestris. The story of Esther and Vashti is also more probable to be mythology then real history, as a lot of the information doesn†t add up. Herodotus neither mentions Esther or Vashti in his histories and he is our main source to this period in time. The story of Esther is a book in the bible and is where the Jewish celebration of ‘Purim† comes from. According to the story of Esther, King Xerxes was banqueting with all his friend and he was boasting about how he had the finest of everything. Then he called for his wife, Queen Vashti, and told her to walk around in front of his guests wearing nothing but her crown because he believed she was the most beautiful woman and he wanted to show everyone. Vashti was greatly insulted and refused so she was deposed. A beauty contest was held for Xerxes to select a new wife and he chose a young girl called Esther who he apparently fell instantly in love with. Esther†s real name was Hadassah but she changed it to hide her Jewish identity. Then with the help of her influence on Xerxes and her cousin Mordecai she was ale to save the Jewish people from slaughter. This story his been questioned by many scholars and historians and is believed to be mythical. Though there isn†t much mentioned on Amestris, from the main story she takes part in we are able to piece together quite a picture of her. Amestris wove a wonderful shawl as a present for her husband Xerxes. He gave it to his brother†s daughter Artaynte with whom he had had an affair with. When Amestris discovered this betrayal she was furious and immediately blamed Artaynte†s mother and had her brutally mutilated. Xerxes brother then beside himself plotted a rebellion against Xerxes and Xerxes had him killed. From this story we can already gather that Amestris was a jealous and not so nice woman who held quite a bit of power over Xerxes, As she wasn†t punished for what she did. There is another story of Amestris that leads us to believe she wasn†t that good a woman. A custom of Persia was burying people alive! Amestris in her old age did it to fourteen Persian boys of distinguished families, by way of a present which she hoped the god of the under world would except instead of herself [Herodotus book 7 section-114]. In 465BC Xerxes was found murdered in his bedchambers. According to Cameron and Lawless, specific details on the death of Xerxes are unknown. It suggests that Artabanus, the commander of the palace guards murdered him with the help of Aspamitres, a court eunuch [pg. 100]. Therefore Xerxes ended his reign of the Persian Empire as a victim of palace conspiracy and was succeeded by his son Artaxerxes. How to cite Biography of Xerxes, Essay examples

Managing Stress In Projects Using Coaching Leadership Tools

Question: Discuss about the Managing stress in projects using coaching leadership tools. Answer: Article 1 Larsson, J.,Eriksson, P.,Olofsson, T., Simonsson, P.(2015). "Leadership in Civil Engineering: Effects of Project Managers Leadership Styles on Project Performance."J. Manage. Eng., 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000367, 04015011. Successful completion of project requires the ability to co-ordinate the activities of several employees participated in the project of an industry. Thus, project manager plays an important role to set the ground rules and cultivate the combined approach, which strongly influence the performance of a project (Larsson et al., 2015). Article 2 Saif Ur Rehman Khan, Long, C. S., Syed Muhammad Javed Iqbal. (2014). Authentic leadership: An emerging issue in project management.Research Journal of Applied Sciences,8(11), 1377-1383. With the advancement in the project management, todays project leaders have to be specific to their field in term of technical and behavioral approach. Authentic leadership would be most appropriate leadership style for project management in an industry (Saif et al., 2014). In this leadership, the project leaders would keep build honest relationship with the follower participated in the project. Article 3 Stagnaro, C., Piotrowski, C. (2014). Shared leadership: A critical component in IT project management.Journal of Technology Research,5, 1. Information technology fields are evolving rapidly and thus it requires innovation and creativity of the employees participated in the IT project. Distributed leadership approach of the leaders are best suited for the project success as it allows the project participants to lead each other and thus helps in creativity of each other (Stagnaro Piotrowski, 2014). Article 4 Mokhtarisani, M., Zarei, M. M., Leman, Z. (2014). Influence of leadership behavior on project management performance in malaysian industries. Paper presented at the, 564673-677. In todays industrial environment, effective leadership approach has become the prime importance to successfully completing the project and thus bringing competitive edge to the industry (Mokhtarisani et al., 2014). Effective leadership style can minimize the cost of the project by completing the project in right time. Article 5 Krog, C. L., Govender, K. (2015). The relationship between servant leadership and employee empowerment, commitment, trust and innovative behaviour: A project management perspective.SA Journal of Human Resource Management,13(1) In todays competitive era, the success of the project not only dependent on the altitudinal characteristic of the leader but also it is dependent on the positional power of the leaders (Krog Govender, 2015). It is related to wisdom, emotional healing and persuasive mapping quality of the leaders to get the work done by the project worker. Article 6 Clarke, N. (2012). Shared leadership in projects: A matter of substance over style.Team Performance Management: An International Journal,18(3/4), 196-209. Most of the industrial and government project are globalized in nature and thus frequently needs changes in the project procedures. Hence, in this case if a project leaders show shared leadership then the employees would be allowed to lead each others works and thus change their working criteria easily for the successes of the project (Clarke, 2012). Article 7 Yang, L., Huang, C., Hsu, T. (2014). Knowledge leadership to improve project and organizational performance.International Journal of Project Management,32(1) Great project leaders always tend to find way to help the project participant in delivering high performance for the success of the project. Recent project leaders show knowledge leadership for their followers through sharing their knowledge throughout the organization (Yang et al., 2014). Article 8 Lundy, V., Morin, P. (2013). Project leadership influences resistance to change: The case of the canadian public service.Project Management Journal,44(4), 45-64. The success of the project sometimes depends on the ability of the project to adopt the changes of the market. In this case, project participant may sometimes resistant to change (Lundy Morin, 2013). The resistance of the project participants can only be overcome through effective engage leadership of the project leaders. Article 9 Nixon, P., Harrington, M., Parker, D. (2012). Leadership performance is significant to project success or failure: A critical analysis.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,61(2), 204-216. Having a single leadership approach throughout the whole project is not appropriate for the success of the project. The circumstances of the project may change and the project leaders should change the leadership style to accommodate the change (Nixon et al., 2012). Article 10 Tyssen, A. K., Wald, A., Spieth, P. (2014). The challenge of transactional and transformational leadership in projects.International Journal of Project Management,32(3) The commitment of the project participants is vey essential to make a project successful. Therefore, effective leadership is very vital to engage project participants in the success of the project (Tyssen et al., 2014). Modern leaders generally follow transformational leadership to engage project participants in the project work. Article 11 Zhang, L., Cheng, J. (2015). Effect of knowledge leadership onKnowledge sharing in engineering project design teams: The role ofSocial capital.Project Management Journal,46(5) The success of the project depends on effective knowledge sharing of the leader. Hence, effective knowledge sharing depends on the appropriate knowledge of the leader to promote collaborative and trustworthy working environment and develop shared vision of the project (Zhang Cheng, 2015). Article 12 Berg, M. E., Karlsen, J. T. (2013). Managing stress in projects using coaching leadership tools.Engineering Management Journal,25(4), 52-61. The work of a modern project team leader is very difficult, demanding and challenging, as they have to manage many works together (Berg Karlsen, 2013). When the project is complex in nature and the purpose of the project is unclear, the project leaders should be very interactive with the project participant. Article 13 Kissi, J., Dainty, A., Tuuli, M. (2013). Examining the role of transformational leadership of portfolio managers in project performance.International Journal of Project Management,31(4), 485-497. In order to handle multiple activities of a project effectively, the recent project leaders apply transformational leadership style in the workplace. It increases the motivation of the project participants as they are allowed to make creative idea for the project success (Kissi et al., 2013). Article 14 Senam, M. R., Rashid, K. A., Sarkawi, A. A., Zaini, R. M. (2014). Construction project leadership from the perspective of islam.International Journal of Islamic Thought,6, 46-56. Most of the projects of the industry are globalized in nature. Therefore, the project leaders have to manage diverse group of people involving in his project. In such case, project leaders use ethical leadership, in which the leaders respect value of all people and consider their dignity for motivating them towards the success of the project (Senam et al., 2014). Article 15 Muller, R., Geraldi, J., Turner, J. R., Handelshgskolan vid Ume universitet (USBE), Ume universitet, Samhllsvetenskapliga fakulteten. (2012;2011;). Relationships between leadership and success in different types of project complexities.IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,59(1), 77-90. Successful completion of a complex project is highly dependent on intelligence quotient and emotional quotient and the leader (Muller et al., 2012). Through using the intelligence quotient the project leaders breaks down the whole project into several simpler projects and make this project easier for the project participants. Article 16 Morgan Tuuli, M., Rowlinson, S., Fellows, R., Liu, A. M. M. (2012). Empowering the project team: Impact of leadership style and team context.Team Performance Management: An International Journal,18(3/4), 149-175. Most of the time, the effective leaders use person oriented leadership for completing a complex project. It is positively related to the psychological empowerment of the project participants for their hard work (Morgan et al., 2012). This leadership style concentrates more on valuing the people involved in the project. Article 17 Kaminsky, J. B. (2012). Impact of nontechnical leadership practices on it project success.Journal of Leadership Studies,6(1), 30-49 For the success of an IT project, it is necessary for a project leader to apply adaptive leadership in the project completion. Adaptive leadership helps individual as well as adapt a challenging environment for the success of the project (Kaminsky, 2012). Article 18 Thamhain, H. (2012). The changing role of team leadership in multinational project environments.Revista De Gesto e Projetos,3(2), 4-38 In order to create a high performance project team, the leaders should be very much concerned about the fact that personal and professional needs of the project participants are successfully balanced (Thamhain, 2012). Article 19 Braun, F. C., Avital, M., Martz, B. (2012). Action-centered team leadership influences more than performance.Team Performance Management: An International Journal,18(3/4), 176-195 Action centered project leadership practice helps in creating a project team environment that promote knowledge and learning collaboration along with job satisfaction and individual performance of the project participants (Braun et al., 2012). Article 20 Muganda, N., Pillay, K. (2013). Forms of power, politics and leadership in asynchronous virtual project environment.International Journal of Managing Projects in Business,6(3), 457-484 Effective leadership can minimize conflict among the project participant through maintaining participative leadership in the project execution (Muganda Pillay, 2013). Minimizing conflicts among the project participants would ultimately lead the success of the project. References Berg, M. E., Karlsen, J. T. (2013). Managing stress in projects using coaching leadership tools.Engineering Management Journal,25(4), 52-61. Braun, F. C., Avital, M., Martz, B. (2012). Action-centered team leadership influences more than performance.Team Performance Management: An International Journal,18(3/4), 176-195 Clarke, N. (2012). Shared leadership in projects: A matter of substance over style.Team Performance Management: An International Journal,18(3/4), 196-209. Kaminsky, J. B. (2012). Impact of nontechnical leadership practices on it project success.Journal of Leadership Studies,6(1), 30-49 Kissi, J., Dainty, A., Tuuli, M. (2013). Examining the role of transformational leadership of portfolio managers in project performance.International Journal of Project Management,31(4), 485-497. Krog, C. L., Govender, K. (2015). The relationship between servant leadership and employee empowerment, commitment, trust and innovative behaviour: A project management perspective.SA Journal of Human Resource Management,13(1) Larsson, J.,Eriksson, P.,Olofsson, T., Simonsson, P.(2015). "Leadership in Civil Engineering: Effects of Project Managers Leadership Styles on Project Performance."J. Manage. Eng., 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000367, 04015011. Lundy, V., Morin, P. (2013). Project leadership influences resistance to change: The case of the canadian public service.Project Management Journal,44(4), 45-64. Mokhtarisani, M., Zarei, M. M., Leman, Z. (2014). Influence of leadership behavior on project management performance in malaysian industries. Paper presented at the, 564673-677. Morgan Tuuli, M., Rowlinson, S., Fellows, R., Liu, A. M. M. (2012). Empowering the project team: Impact of leadership style and team context.Team Performance Management: An International Journal,18(3/4), 149-175. Muganda, N., Pillay, K. (2013). Forms of power, politics and leadership in asynchronous virtual project environment.International Journal of Managing Projects in Business,6(3), 457-484 Muller, R., Geraldi, J., Turner, J. R., Handelshgskolan vid Ume universitet (USBE), Ume universitet, Samhllsvetenskapliga fakulteten. (2012;2011;). Relationships between leadership and success in different types of project complexities.IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,59(1), 77-90. Nixon, P., Harrington, M., Parker, D. (2012). Leadership performance is significant to project success or failure: A critical analysis.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,61(2), 204-216. Saif Ur Rehman Khan, Long, C. S., Syed Muhammad Javed Iqbal. (2014). Authentic leadership: An emerging issue in project management.Research Journal of Applied Sciences,8(11), 1377-1383. Senam, M. R., Rashid, K. A., Sarkawi, A. A., Zaini, R. M. (2014). Construction project leadership from the perspective of islam.International Journal of Islamic Thought,6, 46-56. Stagnaro, C., Piotrowski, C. (2014). Shared leadership: A critical component in IT project management.Journal of Technology Research,5, 1. Thamhain, H. (2012). The changing role of team leadership in multinational project environments.Revista De Gesto e Projetos,3(2), 4-38 Tyssen, A. K., Wald, A., Spieth, P. (2014). The challenge of transactional and transformational leadership in projects.International Journal of Project Management,32(3) Yang, L., Huang, C., Hsu, T. (2014). Knowledge leadership to improve project and organizational performance.International Journal of Project Management,32(1) Zhang, L., Cheng, J. (2015). Effect of knowledge leadership onKnowledge sharing in engineering project design teams: The role ofSocial capital.Project Management Journal,46(5)